Ingaruka z'imikorere y'urusaku zigenwa n'ibikoresho bikomoka ku ijwi ndetse n'ibikoresho bikomeza ijwi mu cyiciro gikurikiraho, bigizwe n'ibikoresho bikomoka ku ijwi, gutunganya, ibikoresho byo mu gice gikikije, ibikoresho bikomeza ijwi n'ibikoresho byo guhuza.

1. Sisitemu y'isoko ry'amajwi

Mikoro ni yo ihuza bwa mbere na sisitemu yose yo kongera amajwi cyangwa sisitemu yo gufata amajwi, kandi ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bwa sisitemu yose. Mikoro zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: insinga n'insinga bitewe n'uburyo bwo kohereza amajwi.

Mikoro zikoresha insinga zikwiriye cyane mu gufata amajwi akoreshwa kuri telefoni zigendanwa. Kugira ngo byorohereze gufata amajwi mu bihe bitandukanye, buri sisitemu ya mikoro zikoresha insinga ishobora gushyirwaho mikoro ikoreshwa mu ntoki na mikoro ya Lavalier. Kubera ko studio ifite sisitemu yo kongera amajwi icyarimwe, kugira ngo hirindwe ko amajwi akoreshwa mu ntoki akoreshwa mu ntoki agomba gukoresha mikoro ikoresha insinga ivuga hafi mu gufata amajwi no kuririmba. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ya mikoro zikoresha insinga igomba gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kwakira amajwi atandukanye, rishobora kongera gusa ubushobozi bw'amajwi yakiriwe, ahubwo rinafasha gukuraho inguni idakora neza n'ahantu hatagaragara ikimenyetso cyakiriwe.

Mikoro ifite insinga ifite imiterere ya mikoro ifite imikorere myinshi, inshuro nyinshi, kandi ifite imiterere myinshi. Mu gutoranya ibikubiye mu rurimi cyangwa kuririmba, mikoro zikoresha cardioid condenser muri rusange zikoreshwa, kandi mikoro zikoresha electret zishobora kwambarwa nazo zishobora gukoreshwa mu bice bifite amajwi adahinduka; mikoro zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya super-directional condenser zishobora gukoreshwa mu gufata ingaruka ku bidukikije; ibikoresho byo gucuranga muri rusange bikoreshwa mikoro zikoresha ikoranabuhanga riciriritse; mikoro zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya condenser ku mirya, clavier n'ibindi bikoresho bya muzika; mikoro zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya high-directional close-talk zishobora gukoreshwa iyo hakenewe urusaku rwinshi ku bidukikije; mikoro zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya single-point gooseneck condenser zigomba gukoreshwa bitewe n'uko abakinnyi bakomeye ba sinema barushaho kumererwa neza.

Umubare n'ubwoko bwa mikoro bishobora gutoranywa hakurikijwe ibyo urubuga rukeneye.

2. Sisitemu yo gutunganya

Igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gukosora ni icyuma gihindura amajwi, gishobora kongera, kugabanya, no guhindura ibimenyetso by'amajwi yinjira mu byiciro bitandukanye na impedance; koresha icyuma gipima amajwi kugira ngo utunganye buri murongo w'amajwi; Nyuma yo guhindura ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga buri kimenyetso, buri muyoboro ushyirwa ku mpera zose zakira; ugenzura ikimenyetso cyo kongera amajwi mu buryo bw'amajwi no gufata amajwi.

Hari ibintu bike ugomba kwitaho mu gihe ukoresha mixer. Ubwa mbere, hitamo ibice byinjiye bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuyoboro munini w’amajwi hamwe n’umuvuduko munini uko bishoboka kose. Ushobora guhitamo icyuma gikoresha mikoro cyangwa umurongo. Buri gice cyinjiye gifite buto yo kugenzura urwego ruhoraho hamwe n’ingufu za 48V. Muri ubu buryo, igice cyinjiye cya buri muyoboro gishobora kunoza urwego rw’ikimenyetso cyinjiye mbere yo gutunganya. Icya kabiri, bitewe n’ibibazo byo gusubiza ibitekerezo no gukurikirana intera mu gushimangira amajwi, uko ibice byinjiye bingana, umusaruro w’inyongera n’umusaruro w’amatsinda, ni ko birushaho kuba byiza, kandi uburyo bwo kugenzura bukaba bworoshye. Icya gatatu, kugira ngo gahunda ikomeze umutekano no kwizerwa, mixer ishobora gushyirwamo ibikoresho bibiri by’ingenzi n’iby’amashanyarazi, kandi ishobora guhindura mu buryo bwikora. Guhindura no kugenzura urwego rw’ikimenyetso cy’amajwi), aho kwinjira n’umusaruro biba byiza ari soketi za XLR.

3. Ibikoresho byo mu nkengero

Gushimangira amajwi aho ari bigomba kwemeza ko hari urwego ruhagije rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi rudatanga ibitekerezo by'amajwi, kugira ngo indangururamajwi n'ibyuma bitanga ingufu birindwe. Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo ijwi rikomeze kuba ryiza, ariko kandi kugira ngo habeho ingaruka mbi z'ubukana bw'amajwi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho ibikoresho bitunganya amajwi hagati y'icyuma gitanga ijwi n'icyuma gitanga ingufu, nka equalizers, feedback suppressors, compressors, exciters, frequency dividers, na Sound distributor.

Ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi n'ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi bikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi, gukosora inenge z'amajwi, no kwemeza ko amajwi asobanutse neza. Ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi ritazatuma ijwi rirenga cyangwa rihindagurika iyo rihuye n'agace kanini k'ikimenyetso cy'amajwi, kandi rishobora kurinda ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi n'iry'amajwi. Ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi, ni ukuvuga kunoza ibara ry'amajwi, kwinjira, n'uburyo bwo kumva, gusobanutse n'ingaruka za bass. Ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwinshi bw'amajwi rikoreshwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso by'imirongo itandukanye y'amajwi ku byuma bitanga amashanyarazi bihuye, kandi iry'amajwi rikongera ubwinshi bw'amajwi no kuyashyira ku byuma bitanga amashanyarazi. Niba ushaka gukora porogaramu y'ubuhanga yo ku rwego rwo hejuru, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwa elegitoroniki bwo gusimbuka amajwi bugizwe n'ibice bitatu mu gushushanya sisitemu yo kongera amajwi.

Hari ibibazo byinshi mu gushyiraho sisitemu y'amajwi. Gutekereza nabi aho ihuza n'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande bihurira bituma ibikoresho bidakora neza, ndetse n'ibikoresho biratwikwa. Guhuza ibikoresho byo ku ruhande muri rusange bisaba gahunda: equalizer iherereye nyuma y'icyuma gishongesha; kandi icyuma gishongesha impuzankano ntikigomba gushyirwa imbere y'icyuma gishongesha. Iyo icyuma gishongesha impuzankano gishyizwe imbere y'icyuma gishongesha, biragoye gukuraho burundu impuzankano y'amajwi, ibyo bikaba bidafasha mu guhindura impuzankano y'impuzankano; icyuma gishongesha impuzankano kigomba gushyirwa inyuma y'icyuma gishongesha impuzankano n'icyuma gishongesha impuzankano, kuko akazi kanini ka compressor ari uguhagarika ibimenyetso byinshi no kurinda amplifier y'amashanyarazi n'indangururamajwi; exciter ihujwe imbere y'icyuma gishongesha amashanyarazi; ikoranabuhanga rihuzwa mbere y'icyuma gishongesha impuzankano y'amashanyarazi uko bikenewe.

Kugira ngo porogaramu yafashwe ibone umusaruro mwiza, ibipimo bya compressor bigomba guhindurwa neza. Iyo compressor imaze kwinjira mu buryo bwo gukanda, izagira ingaruka mbi ku ijwi, bityo gerageza kwirinda compressor mu gihe kirekire. Ihame ry'ibanze ryo guhuza compressor mu muyoboro munini wo kwagura ni uko ibikoresho biri inyuma yayo bidakwiye kugira imikorere yo kongera ikimenyetso cyane uko bishoboka kose, bitabaye ibyo compressor ntishobora kugira uruhare na ruto mu kurinda. Niyo mpamvu equalizer igomba gushyirwa imbere y'icyuma gikanda, naho compressor ishyirwa inyuma y'icyuma gikanda.

Iyi mashini ikoresha imikorere y’imitekerereze y’abantu kugira ngo ikore ibice bifite imikorere ihamye hakurikijwe imikorere y’amajwi. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yo kwagura imikorere y’imashini ifite imikorere iciriritse ishobora gukora ibice bifite imikorere ihamye kandi ikarushaho kunoza ijwi. Kubwibyo, ikimenyetso cy’amajwi cyakozwe na mashini ifite imikorere irambuye cyane. Niba imikorere y’imashini ifite imikorere irambuye cyane, birashoboka cyane ko mashini ishobora guhuzwa mbere ya mashini.

Imashini igabanya amajwi y'ikoranabuhanga ihuzwa imbere y'imashini itera imbaraga nk'uko bikenewe kugira ngo isubize inenge ziterwa n'ibidukikije n'uburyo amajwi atandukanye akoreshwa; ikibazo gikomeye ni uko guhuza no gukemura ibibazo bigoye kandi byoroshye guteza impanuka. Muri iki gihe, hamaze kugaragara ibyuma bitunganya amajwi by'ikoranabuhanga, bihuza imikorere yavuzwe haruguru, kandi bishobora kuba umuhanga, byoroshye gukoresha, kandi bifite imikorere myiza.

4. Sisitemu yo kongera ingufu z'amajwi

Sisitemu yo kongera ingufu z'amajwi igomba kwitondera ko igomba kuba ihuye n'imbaraga z'amajwi n'uburyo amajwi akoreshwa; guhagarara neza kw'indangururamajwi zikora bishobora kongera ubwiza bw'imbaraga z'amajwi, kugabanya igihombo cy'imbaraga z'amajwi no gutanga ibitekerezo by'amajwi; ingufu zose z'amashanyarazi za sisitemu yo kongera ingufu z'amajwi zigomba kugabanyirizwa 30%-50% by'imbaraga zisanzwe; gukoresha ecouteur zikoresha insinga zikoresha umugozi.

5. Guhuza sisitemu

Kugereranya impedance no guhuza urwego bigomba kwitabwaho mu kibazo cyo guhuza igikoresho. Kugereranya no kutagereranya bifitanye isano n'aho igikoresho gihurira. Agaciro k'ubudahangarwa (agaciro k'impedance) k'impande zombi z'ikimenyetso ku butaka kangana, kandi polarity iratandukanye, ari byo byinjizwa cyangwa bisohoka mu buryo bungana. Kubera ko ibimenyetso byo kubangamira byakirwa na terminals ebyiri zifite agaciro kamwe na polarity imwe, ibimenyetso byo kubangamira bishobora guhagarikana ku mutwaro w'itumanaho riringaniye. Kubwibyo, circuit iringaniye ifite ubushobozi bwo gukumira no kurwanya kubangamira. Ibikoresho byinshi by'umwuga by'amajwi bikoresha uburyo bwo guhuza buringaniye.

Ihuza ry'indangururamajwi rigomba gukoresha insinga nyinshi z'indangururamajwi ngufi kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw'umurongo. Kubera ko ubukana bw'umurongo n'ubukana bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bigira ingaruka ku gaciro ka Q k'umuvuduko muto wa sisitemu y'indangururamajwi, imiterere y'igihe gito y'umuvuduko muto izaba mbi kurushaho, kandi umurongo w'indangururamajwi uzahindura ubukana mu gihe cyo kohereza ibimenyetso by'amajwi. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bukwirakwira hamwe n'uburyo umurongo w'indangururamajwi ukwirakwira, byombi bifite imiterere imwe n'imwe y'umuvuduko. Kubera ko ikimenyetso kigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'indangururamajwi, iyo itsinda ry'ibimenyetso by'amajwi bigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'indangururamajwi binyura mu murongo w'indangururamajwi, gutinda no kugabanuka biterwa n'ibice bitandukanye by'indangururamajwi biratandukanye, bigatera icyo bita ubukana bw'amplitude n'ubukana bw'ibyiciro. Muri rusange, ubukana buhora bubaho. Dukurikije imiterere y'umurongo w'indangururamajwi, imiterere y'ubukana bw'amplitude ya R=G=0 ntabwo izatera ubukana, kandi ubukana bw'ubukana bw'amplitude nabwo ntibushoboka. Mu gihe cy'igihombo gito, imiterere yo kohereza ibimenyetso nta bukana ni L/R=C/G, kandi umurongo w'indangururamajwi usanzwe uhora ari L/R

6. Gukemura ikibazo cya sisitemu

Mbere yo guhindura, banza ushyireho umurongo ngenderwaho w’urwego rwa sisitemu ku buryo urwego rw’ikimenyetso cya buri rwego ruri mu rwego rw’imikorere y’igikoresho, kandi nta gukata umurongo ku buryo butari umurongo bitewe n’urwego rw’ikimenyetso ruri hejuru cyane, cyangwa urwego rw’ikimenyetso ruri hasi cyane ku buryo byatera igereranya ry’urusaku hagati y’ikimenyetso n’urusaku. Mu gihe ushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’urwego rwa sisitemu, umurongo ngenderwaho w’urwego rwa mixer ni ingenzi cyane. Nyuma yo gushyiraho urwego, imiterere y’umuvuduko wa sisitemu irashobora gukemurwa.

Ibikoresho bya none by’abahanga mu by’amashanyarazi bifite ubuziranenge bwiza muri rusange bifite imiterere y’umuvuduko ugororotse cyane uri hagati ya 20Hz na 20KHz. Ariko, nyuma yo guhuza amajwi mu byiciro byinshi, cyane cyane indangururamajwi, zishobora kutagira imiterere y’umuvuduko ugororotse cyane. Uburyo bwo guhindura neza ni uburyo bwo gusesengura urusaku rw’umutuku w’umutuku. Uburyo bwo guhindura ubu buryo ni ukwinjiza urusaku rw’umutuku mu buryo bw’amajwi, ukongera ukarusubiza mu ndangururamajwi, hanyuma ugakoresha mikoro yo gusuzuma kugira ngo umenye ijwi neza mu cyumba. Mikoro yo gusuzuma ihujwe na spectrum analyzer, spectrum analyzer ishobora kwerekana imiterere y’umuvuduko ukabije w’amajwi mu cyumba, hanyuma ugahindura icyuma gipima neza hakurikijwe ibisubizo by’umuvuduko kugira ngo imiterere y’umutuku w ...

Uburyo bwo kubangamira sisitemu bugomba kwitabwaho: ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigomba kuba zihamye; igikonoshwa cya buri gikoresho kigomba kuba gifite ishingiro ryiza kugira ngo hirindwe urusaku; uburyo ikimenyetso cyinjira n'igisohoka bigomba kuringanizwa; kwirinda insinga zirekuye no gusudira mu buryo butari bwiza.